|
''Pariah'' ((スウェーデン語:Paria)) is a one-act play written by August Strindberg. ==Origins== Strindberg wrote ''Pariah'' along with his play ''Creditors'' in the town of Holte, Denmark during the winter of 1888 — 1889. He was in Denmark to create a theatre of his own, following the example he admired of the Théâtre Libre in Paris, which had been founded two years earlier. Strindberg’s theatre would present naturalistic plays, and the artistic director would be his wife, Siri von Essen. It was to be called “The Scandinavian Experimental Theatre”, and then was renamed “Strindberg’s Experimental Theatre”. Beset with disasters, not the least of which was the censorship of his play, ''Miss Julie'', the theatre had a tumultuous and extremely brief history. The theatre premiered in Holte on March 9, 1889 with a triple bill: ''Pariah'', ''Creditors'', and ''The Stronger''. The evening was a success, with applause and curtain calls. Even harsh critics were won over, with the exception of a newspaper reviewer who demanded that Strindberg be deported. The performance was then repeated in the nearby Swedish town, Malmö.〔Lagercrantz, Olof. ''August Strindberg''. Farrar Straus Giroux. 1984. Library of Congress catalog number 84-42803.〕〔Meyer, Michael. Strindberg. Random House. 1985. Page 214. ISBN 0-394-50442-9〕 In the audience at Malmö was Ola Hansson, who had just published a short story from which, Strindberg claimed in a program note, the title and theme of ''Pariah'' were taken. However, Hanssen said he didn’t recognize anything of his original theme. Hanssen also reports that at this time he had lent Strindberg a book of mysteries by Edgar Allan Poe, and that Poe was a significant influence on Strindberg’s writing at this time. A possible example of that influence, is that a scene of psychological detective work occurs in Poe’s short story, "The Gold Bug", that appears to have inspired an episode in ''Pariah''. Strindberg's original title for the play is “''Paria''”, with its Hindu etymology. Some English translations use the title, “The Outcast”, which, however, can be confused with an earlier play by Strindberg, “The Outlaw”.〔Strindberg, August. Björkman, Edwin. Translator. ''Plays. Creditors Pariah'' Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1913. ISBN 9781177291842〕 Important to Strindberg with this and other plays, such as ''Miss Julie'' and ''The Father'', was his desire to achieve the ideals of Naturalism in drama as described and analyzed by the French author and theorist, Emile Zola — the ''nouvelle formule''. Strindberg modeled ''Pariah'' on the ''Les Quarts d’Heure'' (1888) plays of the French writers Gustave Guiches and Henri Lavedan, which, in his essay “On Modern Drama and Modern Theatre”, Strindberg describes as dramas reduced to a single scene.〔Madsen, Borge Gedso. ''Strindberg’s Naturalistic Theatre''. Russell & Russell.1962. ISBN 0-8462-1729-5〕 ''Pariah'' carries on, in a veiled manner, a debate that Strindberg had been having through postal correspondence with the philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, who in Götzen-Dämmerung, portrays a criminal as a strong person, who is just misdirected in life. In ''Pariah'' the criminal, Mr. Y, is portrayed as weak and a criminal from birth. Strindberg in this play shows some influenced of his reading of the French translation of the ''l’uomo delinquente'' (1876) by Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist, who promotes the idea that criminality can be discerned in a person’s external self, as happens in the play, when Mr. X notices that Mr. Y is “terribly narrow between the ears.”〔Lamm, Matin. Carlson, Harry G. editor. ''August Strindberg''. Benjamin Blom, Inc. Publishers. 1971 Library of Congress catalog number 69-16323. Page 225〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pariah (play)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|